Behaviourism
The theory of behaviourism emphasizes the use of conditioning to modify behaviour. It focuses on promoting desirable or proper conduct through either positive or negative reinforcement and eradicating undesirable behaviour through punishment. It solely emphasizes actions that can be seen or measured. The investigation of feelings or motivations is excluded [1]. Schools typically employ this notion. For instance, attending courses was required when I was pursuing a finance degree in Jordan. A person will fail the course if they skip classes like 6 or 8, however, if they attend the majority of the classes, they will receive a participation mark. because the system is based on stimuli such as rewards and penalties, it reflects the theory of behaviourism.
Cognitivism
According to cognitivism, learning occurs when a person processes the information and stimuli they are exposed to. Rather than automatically reacting to stimuli and responding via conditioning, learners consider and evaluate their reactions. The goal of learning is to perceive information, analyse it, store and retrieve it (in memory), and then use it (transfer). Students actively participate in the learning process, and teachers pay close attention to how students structure, arrange, and sequence material to promote efficient processing (learning)[2]. As an illustration, consider using discussion boards in the classroom to promote cooperation and a range of viewpoints. Students will need to employ their cognitive abilities to think, evaluate, process, and make sense of the prior knowledge and information they had.
Constructivism
According to the constructivism theory, learners create knowledge rather than merely absorbing it in a passive manner. People construct their own representations of the world when they interact with it and think back on previous interactions. They also incorporate new information into their prior knowledge[3]. Classroom debates are one example where students can refute arguments put forth by teachers, learning materials, or other students based on their prior knowledge and their current position.
Connectivism
A relatively recent learning theory called connectivism recognizes that technology plays a significant role in the learning process and that is always linked and provides us with the chance to choose how we will learn. It also encourages group cooperation and conversation, allowing for many opinions and perspectives when it comes to making decisions, solving problems, and making sense of information. Connectivism encourages learning that takes place outside of a person, such as through social media, internet networks, blogs, or information databases[4]. As an example, consider the blogs that students utilize in their EDCI classes to engage with one another by posting topics/blogs and having discussions.
Self Reflection
“why you chose this activity, how it aligned with your learning goals, and what you learned through the research that you completed?”
I chose this activity because I was interested in learning theories. It is my first time knowing that there are learning theories so I wanted to explore and learn. It definitely aligns with my learning goals as I have learned a new useful topic that will help me in my future learnings. through my research, I have learned that there are more effective ways to learn and retain knowledge besides the conventional method, which entails students working mostly on their own, repeating what they’ve already learned, and following strict lesson plans dictated by a textbook.
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